| | File Name: R2.efs, ADX.efs, ER.efs, VHF.efs
Description:
Which Trend Indicator Wins? by Markos Katsanos
Formula Parameters:
R2.efs
Length: 18
R2 Smooth: 3
Trend: 0.42
Max R2: 0.85
Lag: 10
LR Crit: 10
MA Length: 50
ADX.efs
Length: 14
Trend: 30
Max ADX: 42
Lag: 12
Crit: 22
Mult: 1.8
MA Length: 50
ER.efs
Length: 24
ER Smooth: 3
Trend: 0.36
Max ER: 0.42
Lag: 3
Mult: 2.5
Crit: 0.26
MA Length: 50
VHF.efs
Length: 14
Trend: 30
Max VHF: 42
Lag: 12
Crit: 22
Mult: 1.8
MA Length: 50
Notes:
The related article is copyrighted material. If you are not a subscriber
of Stocks & Commodities, please visit www.traders.com.
Download File:
R2.efs
ADX.efs
ER.efs
VHF.efs
R2.efs, ADX.efs, ER.efs, VHF.efs
EFS Code:
R2.efs
/*********************************Provided By: eSignal (Copyright c eSignal), a division of Interactive Data Corporation. 2016. All rights reserved. This sample eSignal Formula Script (EFS) is for educational purposes only and may be modified and saved under a new file name. eSignal is not responsiblefor the functionality once modified. eSignal reserves the right to modify and overwrite this EFS file with each new release.Description: Which Trend Indicator Wins? by Markos KatsanosVersion: 1.00 08/10/2016Formula Parameters: Default:Length 18R2 Smooth 3Trend 0.42Max R2 0.85Lag 10LR Crit 10MA Length 50Notes:The related article is copyrighted material. If you are not a subscriberof Stocks & Commodities, please visit www.traders.com.**********************************/var fpArray = new Array();function preMain(){ setPriceStudy(false); setDefaultBarFgColor(Color.RGB(0,148,255),0); var x=0; fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Length", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(18); setName("Length"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Smooth", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(3); setName("R2 Smooth"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Trend", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.42); setName("Trend"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("R2Max", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.85); setName("Max R2"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Lag", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(10); setName("Lag"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("LRcrit", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(10); setName("LR Crit"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("MALength", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(50); setName("MA Length"); }}var bInit = false;var bVersion = null;var xClose = null;var xR2Lin = null;var xSlope = null;var xR2 = null;var xSMA = null;function main(Length, Smooth, Trend, R2Max, Lag, LRcrit, MALength){ if (bVersion == null) bVersion = verify(); if (bVersion == false) return; if (getCurrentBarCount() <= (Length + Smooth + Lag)) return; if (getBarState() == BARSTATE_ALLBARS){ xClose = null; xR2Lin = null; xSlope = null; xR2 = null; xSMA = null; bInit = false; } if (!bInit){ xClose = close(); xR2Lin = efsInternal("calc_R2", xClose, Length); if (xR2Lin.getValue(0) != null){ xSlope = getSeries(xR2Lin, 0); xR2 = getSeries(xR2Lin,1); } xR2 = sma(Smooth, xR2); xSMA = sma(MALength, xClose); addBand(Trend, PS_DASH, 1, Color.RGB(195,195,195),0); bInit = true; } var nSlope = xSlope.getValue(0) * 100; var nR2 = xR2.getValue(0); if (getCurrentBarIndex() != 0){ nR2_1 = xR2.getValue(-1); nR2_lag = xR2.getValue(-Lag); nClose = xClose.getValue(0); nClose_1 = xClose.getValue(-1); nSMA = xSMA.getValue(0); nSMA_1 = xSMA.getValue(-1); if (Strategy.isLong() && nClose_1 > nSMA_1 && nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doSell("MA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (Strategy.isShort() && nClose_1 < nSMA_1 && nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doCover("XMA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); if ((!Strategy.isInTrade()) && nR2_1 < Trend && nR2 >= Trend && nR2 < R2Max && nR2 > nR2_lag){ if (nClose > nSMA && nSlope > LRcrit) Strategy.doLong("STRONGTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (nClose < nSMA && nSlope <= LRcrit) Strategy.doShort("STRONGDOWNTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); } if (Strategy.isLong()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(0,60,0)); else if (Strategy.isShort()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(170,46,46)); } return nR2;}function calc_R2(xClose, Length){ var X = 0, Y = 0, XY = 0, X2 = 0, Y2 = 0; for (var i = 0; i < Length; i++){ var xVal = xClose.getValue(-i); X += (i + 1); Y += xVal; XY += ((i + 1) * xVal); X2 += ((i + 1) * (i + 1)); Y2 += (xVal * xVal); } var xAvg = X / Length; var yAvg = Y / Length; var aSum1 = 0, aSum2 = 0; for (var i = 0; i < Length; i++){ aSum1 += (i-xAvg) * (xClose.getValue(-i)-yAvg); aSum2 += (i-xAvg) * (i-xAvg); } var nSlope = aSum1 / aSum2; var R2 = Math.pow((Length * XY - X * Y) / Math.sqrt((Length * X2 - X * X) * (Length * Y2 - Y*Y)),2); return new Array(nSlope, R2);}function verify(){ var b = false; if (getBuildNumber() < 779){ drawTextAbsolute(5, 35, "This study requires version 10.6 or later.", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "error"); drawTextAbsolute(5, 20, "Click HERE to upgrade.@URL=http://www.esignal.com/download/default.asp", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "upgrade"); return b; } else b = true; return b;} |
ADX.efs
/*********************************Provided By: eSignal (Copyright c eSignal), a division of Interactive Data Corporation. 2016. All rights reserved. This sample eSignal Formula Script (EFS) is for educational purposes only and may be modified and saved under a new file name. eSignal is not responsiblefor the functionality once modified. eSignal reserves the right to modify and overwrite this EFS file with each new release.Description: Which Trend Indicator Wins? by Markos KatsanosVersion: 1.00 08/10/2016Formula Parameters: Default:Length 14Trend 30Max ADX 42Lag 12Crit 22Mult 1.8MA Length 50Notes:The related article is copyrighted material. If you are not a subscriberof Stocks & Commodities, please visit www.traders.com.**********************************/var fpArray = new Array();function preMain(){ setPriceStudy(false); setDefaultBarFgColor(Color.RGB(0,148,255),0); var x=0; fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Length", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(14); setName("Length"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Trend", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(100); setDefault(30); setName("Trend"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("AdxMax", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(100); setDefault(42); setName("Max ADX"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Lag", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(12); setName("Lag"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Crit", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(100); setDefault(22); setName("Crit"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Mult", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0.01); setUpperLimit(100); setDefault(1.8); setName("Mult"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("MALength", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(50); setName("MA Length"); }}var bInit = false;var bVersion = null;var xClose = null;var xADX = null;var xSMA = null;var xLADX = null;function main(Length, Trend, AdxMax, Lag, Crit, Mult, MALength){ if (bVersion == null) bVersion = verify(); if (bVersion == false) return; if (getCurrentBarCount() <= Length) return; if (getBarState() == BARSTATE_ALLBARS){ xClose = null; xADX = null; xSMA = null; xLADX = null; bInit = false; } if (!bInit){ xClose = close(); xADX = adx(Length,Length); xLADX = lowerDonchian(Lag, xADX); xSMA = sma(MALength, xClose); addBand(Trend, PS_DASH, 1, Color.RGB(195,195,195),1); bInit = true; } var nADX = xADX.getValue(0); if (getCurrentBarIndex() != 0){ var nSMA = xSMA.getValue(0); var nSMA_1 = xSMA.getValue(-1); var nADX_1 = xADX.getValue(-1); var nClose = xClose.getValue(0); var nClose_1 = xClose.getValue(-1); var nLADX = xLADX.getValue(0); if (Strategy.isLong() && nClose_1 > nSMA_1 && nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doSell("MA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (Strategy.isShort() && nClose_1 < nSMA_1 && nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doCover("XMA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); if (!Strategy.isInTrade()){ if (nADX_1 < Trend && nADX > Trend && nADX < AdxMax){ if (nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doLong("STRONGTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doShort("STRONGDOWNTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); } else if (nADX > (Mult * nLADX) && nADX_1 < Crit && nADX > Crit){ if (nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doLong("TREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doShort("DOWNTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); } } if (Strategy.isLong()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(0,60,0)); else if (Strategy.isShort()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(170,46,46)) } return xADX.getValue(0);} function verify(){ var b = false; if (getBuildNumber() < 779){ drawTextAbsolute(5, 35, "This study requires version 10.6 or later.", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "error"); drawTextAbsolute(5, 20, "Click HERE to upgrade.@URL=http://www.esignal.com/download/default.asp", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "upgrade"); return b; } else b = true; return b;} |
ER.efs
/*********************************Provided By: eSignal (Copyright c eSignal), a division of Interactive Data Corporation. 2016. All rights reserved. This sample eSignal Formula Script (EFS) is for educational purposes only and may be modified and saved under a new file name. eSignal is not responsiblefor the functionality once modified. eSignal reserves the right to modify and overwrite this EFS file with each new release.Description: Which Trend Indicator Wins? by Markos KatsanosVersion: 1.00 08/10/2016Formula Parameters: Default:Length 24ER Smooth 3Trend 0.36Max ER 0.42Lag 3Mult 2.5Crit 0.26MA Length 50Notes:The related article is copyrighted material. If you are not a subscriberof Stocks & Commodities, please visit www.traders.com.**********************************/var fpArray = new Array();function preMain(){ setPriceStudy(false); setDefaultBarFgColor(Color.RGB(0,148,255),0); var x=0; fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Length", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(24); setName("Length"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Smooth", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(3); setName("ER Smooth"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Trend", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.36); setName("Trend"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("ERMax", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.42); setName("Max ER"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Lag", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(3); setName("Lag"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Mult", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0.01); setUpperLimit(100); setDefault(2.5); setName("Mult"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Crit", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.26); setName("Crit"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("MALength", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(50); setName("MA Length"); }}var bInit = false;var bVersion = null;var xClose = null;var xER = null;var xSMA = null;var xLER = null;function main(Length, Smooth, Trend, ERMax, Lag, Mult, Crit, MALength){ if (bVersion == null) bVersion = verify(); if (bVersion == false) return; if (getCurrentBarCount() <= (Length + Smooth + Lag)) return; if (getBarState() == BARSTATE_ALLBARS){ xClose = null; xER = null; xSMA = null; xLER = null; bInit = false; } if (!bInit){ xClose = close(); xER = efsInternal("calc_ER",xClose,Length); xER = sma(Smooth, xER); xLER = lowerDonchian(Lag, xER); xSMA = sma(MALength, xClose); addBand(Trend, PS_DASH, 1, Color.RGB(195,195,195),1); bInit = true; } var nER = xER.getValue(0); if (getCurrentBarIndex() != 0){ var nER_1 = xER.getValue(-1); var nER_lag = xER.getValue(-Lag); var nLER = xLER.getValue(0); var nSMA = xSMA.getValue(0); var nSMA_1 = xSMA.getValue(-1); var nClose = xClose.getValue(0); var nClose_1 = xClose.getValue(-1); if (Strategy.isLong() && nClose_1 > nSMA_1 && nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doSell("MA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (Strategy.isShort() && nClose_1 < nSMA_1 && nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doCover("XMA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); if (!Strategy.isInTrade()){ if (nER_1 < Trend && nER > Trend && nER < ERMax && nER > nER_lag){ if (nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doLong("STRONGTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doShort("STRONGDOWNTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); } else if (nER > (Mult * nLER) && nER_1 < Crit && nER > Crit){ if (nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doLong("TREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doShort("DOWNTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); } } if (Strategy.isLong()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(0,60,0)); else if (Strategy.isShort()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(170,46,46)); } return nER;}function calc_ER(Close,Length){ var nNetCh = Math.abs(Close.getValue(0) - Close.getValue(-Length)); var nSum = 0; for (var i = 0; i < Length; i++){ nSum += Math.abs(Close.getValue(-i) - Close.getValue(-i-1)); } if (nSum == 0) return; ER = nNetCh / nSum; return ER;}function verify(){ var b = false; if (getBuildNumber() < 779){ drawTextAbsolute(5, 35, "This study requires version 10.6 or later.", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "error"); drawTextAbsolute(5, 20, "Click HERE to upgrade.@URL=http://www.esignal.com/download/default.asp", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "upgrade"); return b; } else b = true; return b;} |
VHF.efs
/*********************************Provided By: eSignal (Copyright c eSignal), a division of Interactive Data Corporation. 2016. All rights reserved. This sample eSignal Formula Script (EFS) is for educational purposes only and may be modified and saved under a new file name. eSignal is not responsiblefor the functionality once modified. eSignal reserves the right to modify and overwrite this EFS file with each new release.Description: Which Trend Indicator Wins? by Markos KatsanosVersion: 1.00 08/10/2016Formula Parameters: Default:Length 14Trend 30Max VHF 42Lag 12Crit 22Mult 1.8MA Length 50Notes:The related article is copyrighted material. If you are not a subscriberof Stocks & Commodities, please visit www.traders.com.**********************************/var fpArray = new Array();function preMain(){ setPriceStudy(false); setDefaultBarFgColor(Color.RGB(0,148,255),0); var x=0; fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Length", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(36); setName("Length"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Trend", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.38); setName("Trend"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("VHFMax", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.45); setName("Max VHF"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Lag", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(10); setName("Lag"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Crit", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1); setDefault(0.24); setName("Crit"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("Mult", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(0.01); setUpperLimit(100); setDefault(1.5); setName("Mult"); } fpArray[x] = new FunctionParameter("MALength", FunctionParameter.NUMBER); with(fpArray[x++]){ setLowerLimit(1); setUpperLimit(1000); setDefault(50); setName("MA Length"); }}var bInit = false;var bVersion = null;var xClose = null;var xVHF = null;var xSMA = null;var xLVHF = null;function main(Length, Trend, VHFMax, Lag, Crit, Mult, MALength){ if (bVersion == null) bVersion = verify(); if (bVersion == false) return; if (getCurrentBarCount() <= Length) return; if (getBarState() == BARSTATE_ALLBARS){ xClose = null; xVHF = null; xSMA = null; xLVHF = null; xHighest = null; xLowest = null; bInit = false; } if (!bInit){ xClose = close(); xVHF = efsInternal("calc_VHF",xClose,Length); xLVHF = lowerDonchian(Lag, xVHF); xSMA = sma(MALength, xClose); addBand(0.35, PS_DASH, 1, Color.RGB(195,195,195),1); bInit = true; } nVHF = xVHF.getValue(0); if (getCurrentBarIndex() != 0){ var nSMA = xSMA.getValue(0); var nSMA_1 = xSMA.getValue(-1); var nVHF_1 = xVHF.getValue(-1); var nVHF_lag = xVHF.getValue(-Lag); var nClose = xClose.getValue(0); var nClose_1 = xClose.getValue(-1); var nLVHF = xLVHF.getValue(0); if (Strategy.isLong() && nClose_1 > nSMA_1 && nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doSell("MA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (Strategy.isShort() && nClose_1 < nSMA_1 && nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doCover("XMA", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); if (!Strategy.isInTrade()){ if (nVHF_1 < Trend && nVHF > Trend && nVHF < VHFMax && nVHF > nVHF_lag){ if (nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doLong("STRONGTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doShort("STRONGDOWNTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); } else if (nVHF > (Mult * nLVHF) && nVHF_1 < Crit && nVHF > Crit){ if (nClose > nSMA) Strategy.doLong("TREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); else if (nClose < nSMA) Strategy.doShort("DOWNTREND", Strategy.MARKET, Strategy.NEXTBAR, Strategy.DEFAULT); } } if (Strategy.isLong()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(0,60,0)); else if (Strategy.isShort()) setBarBgColor(Color.RGB(170,46,46)) } return nVHF;}var xHighest = null;var xLowest = null;function calc_VHF(Close,Length){ if (getBarState() == BARSTATE_ALLBARS){ xHighest = upperDonchian(Length,Close); xLowest = lowerDonchian(Length,Close); } var nHighest = xHighest.getValue(0); var nLowest = xLowest.getValue(0); if (nHighest == null || nLowest == null) return; var nSum = 0; for (var i = 0; i < Length; i++){ nSum += Math.abs(Close.getValue(-i) - Close.getValue(-i-1)); } if (nSum == 0) return; VHF = (nHighest - nLowest) / nSum; return VHF;}function verify(){ var b = false; if (getBuildNumber() < 779){ drawTextAbsolute(5, 35, "This study requires version 10.6 or later.", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "error"); drawTextAbsolute(5, 20, "Click HERE to upgrade.@URL=http://www.esignal.com/download/default.asp", Color.white, Color.blue, Text.RELATIVETOBOTTOM|Text.RELATIVETOLEFT|Text.BOLD|Text.LEFT, null, 13, "upgrade"); return b; } else b = true; return b;} |
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